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What is the difference between ~all, ?all, and -all in an SPF?

Below is the difference between ~all, ?all, and -all.

-all means that any server or sender's IP address not listed in the SPF record should be treated as a hard fail. It means that they are unauthorized, and their emails should be discarded.

~all means that any server or sender's IP address not listed in the SPF record should be treated as a soft fail. Email can be allowed, but it should be tagged as spam or suspicious.

?all (Neutral) indicates that the domain's SPF record does not claim whether the IP address is authorized or not.


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